• br Metabolic effects of apelin in obesity and type diabetes

  2024-06-05

  

  Metabolic effects of apelin in obesity and type 2 diabetes Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) for several weeks become obese, hyperglycemic, hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant. Acute apelin treatment by intravenous injection or by infusion during a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp in obese and i

• br The role of apelin in respiratory diseases At

  2024-06-05

  

  The role of apelin in respiratory diseases At present, several scientific studies have suggested that the apelin/APJ system may play an important role in the development of pulmonary diseases (Table 4). For example, in an experiment on rats suffering from acute lung injury, apelin-13 decreases th

• Although the earlier studies focused on

  2024-06-05

  

  Although the earlier studies focused on the antioxidant capacity of tocopherols, ascorbic GSK2269557 and carotenoids, then it was noticed that phenolic compounds were more powerful than others (Rice-Evans, Miller, & Paganga, 1996). Phenolic compounds, the most numerous and ubiquitous groups of plan

• br Acknowledgments br Protein microarrays were developed to

  2024-06-05

  

  Acknowledgments Protein microarrays were developed to provide miniaturized high-throughput tools to study protein function, pge2 and post-translational modifications. Just a few years ago, the seminal work performed in Stuart Schreiber's laboratory at Harvard University () and at Michael Snyder

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2024-06-05

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease [15], [16]. The pathogenesis of DKD is not fully understood, and there is no effective treatment. Although previous studies suggested that early lesions of DKD are foun

• WAY 208466 dihydrochloride br Introduction Nonalcoholic fatt

  2024-06-05

  

  Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathologic spectrum of liver pathologies associated with excessive accumulation of fat in the liver. This spectrum is continuous but can be graded based on pathological features; in increasing severity, these are: bland steatosis,

• br Mortality and morbidity Alzheimer s

  2024-06-05

  

  Mortality and morbidity Alzheimer's disease is officially listed as the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States [208]. It is the fifth-leading cause of death for those age 65 and older [198]. However, it YC 1 may cause even more deaths than official sources recognize. Alzheimer's is al

• Overexpression of AR in a transgenic mouse

  2024-06-05

  

  Overexpression of AR in a transgenic mouse model leads to a capsular cataract phenotype involving proliferation and formation of a fibrotic plaque of cells reminiscent of cells at the posterior homoharringtonine in PCO [17]. To investigate the molecular mechanism that could link AR expression to th

• br Rapid nongenomic effects of corticosterone in an amphibia

  2024-06-05

  

  Rapid nongenomic effects of corticosterone in an amphibian model Studies in the model organism, the roughskin newt, Taricha granulosa, over 30 years ago led to the discovery that stress can rapidly (within minutes) suppress sexual behavior (amplectic clasping) of male T. granulosa, an effect that

• The pathogenesis of d penicillamine induced MG

  2024-06-04

  

  The pathogenesis of d-penicillamine-induced MG is not clear. The repertoire of anti-AChR direct thrombin inhibitors in d-penicillamine-induced MG has been shown to be similar to that in idiopathic MG in terms of AChR antigenic regions, suggesting a common immune mechanism (Tzartos et al., 1988). A

• br Discussion The measurement of gonadotropins

  2024-06-04

  

  Discussion The measurement of SQ 22536 (FSH, LH) is critical in the evaluation and assessment of 46,XX females presenting with primary amenorrhea and lack of pubertal development. A serum level of FSH higher than 40 U/L is diagnostic of ovarian failure (6), as seen in the present case. The most

• Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of

  2024-06-04

  

  Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States [25]. Similar to pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer has few diagnostic options available, particularly to differentiate indolent from aggressive disease. Axl is also overexpressed in ∼50% of prostate canc

• br Expression of autotaxin in

  2024-06-04

  

  Expression of autotaxin in cancer Autotaxin (ATX) is a member of the family of NPPs (Nucleotides pyrophosphatases phosphodiesterases (NPP) family with a unique lysophospholipase D (lysoPLD) activity, allowing the synthesis of LPA from lysophospholipid precursors such as the lysophosphatidylcholin

• NOXA a BH only protein is

  2024-06-04

  

  NOXA, a BH3-only protein, is best known as a selective inhibitor of MCL-1, which is a highly expressed pro-survival protein in many human malignancies [30]. In addition, NOXA was recently proven to act as a direct activator via directly binding to BAX to induce apoptosis [31]. Given that its levels

• br ACL Regulation and Role in

  2024-06-04

  

  ACL Regulation and Role in Lipid Metabolism ACL is a ubiquitous enzyme at the nexus of nutrient catabolism and synthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. In mammals, it is highly expressed in lipogenic tissues including adipose, liver, and lactating mammary glands [9]. In the presence of ATP and C

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