• Accumulating evidence suggests that the NGF family

  2021-12-16

  

  Accumulating evidence suggests that the NGF family of neurotrophins have important modulatory roles in opioid analgesia and addiction [36]. The NGF family of neurotrophins include NGF, Telotristat derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT4) [37]. BDNF knockout

• br Conclusion br Acknowledgement br Introduction Biogenic am

  2021-12-16

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgement Introduction Biogenic amine histamine is synthesized from L-histidine by histidine decarboxylase (HDC). Histamine is involved in a wide variety of pathological and physiological processes including allergic reactions, inflammation, immune responses, gastric secret

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-12-16

  

  Materials and methods Results Heterologous expression of P. locustae Hxk in methylotrophic yeast P. pastoris was not accompanied by nuclear localization of parasite protein (Fig. 1). The addition of leptomycin B, a specific inhibitor of nuclear export in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

• We also conducted analyses on the functional category

  2021-12-16

  

  We also conducted analyses on the functional category of UP_Keywords and on KEGG pathways for further understanding. The UP_Keywords analysis (D) demonstrated that acetylation and phosphoprotein were highly enriched categories. KEGG pathways categories (E) of ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, DNA r

• br Competing interests br Funding br

  2021-12-16

  

  Competing interests Funding Ethical approval Acknowledgement Introduction Hepatitis C is a disease that infects the liver through transmission of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Because the symptoms of this infection are not pronounced, the infected individuals may not even be aware of t

• Regarding the predictive value of the antidepressant effects

  2021-12-16

  

  Regarding the predictive value of the antidepressant effects of VP2.51 treatment (Fig. 4), different GSK-3 inhibitors produce decreased immobility in forced swim test (Du et al., 2010, Gould and Manji, 2004, Kaidanovich-Beilin et al., 2004, Rosa et al., 2008), with this being a widely used test to a

• There is abundant literature about different functional aspe

  2021-12-16

  

  There is abundant literature about different functional aspects of the cannabinoid system (Badal et al., 2017, Balenga et al., 2011, Henderson-Redmond et al., 2016, Nair et al., 2015); however, not a great deal is known about the mechanism by which ethanol impacts its function in connection to the i

• We also noticed that acetic acid by

  2021-12-16

  

  We also noticed that acetic acid by itself (used to induce pain) increased spinal cord levels of KYNA (see Fig. 5). The most rational explanation of this finding is based on the possibility that acetic acid and KYNA share the same transport systems and the finding is therefore not surprising. Altho

• Recently we suggested that KYNA an endogenous GPR

  2021-12-16

  

  Recently, we suggested that KYNA – an endogenous GPR35 agonist could be produced in a human cornea since we showed the presence of the enzymes that catalyze the synthesis of KYNA – kynurenine aminotransferases I-III in corneal epithelium, stroma and endothelium (). Therefore, these findings provided

• Results indicated that superfusion of

  2021-12-16

  

  Results indicated that superfusion of orexin alone, glutamate alone or orexin-glutamate co-administration significantly increases the spontaneous discharge rate of LC neurons in both morphine dependent and non-dependent rats (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). However, co-application of orexin and glutamate resulted

• In this study with the use of C N labeled

  2021-12-16

  

  In this study, with the use of 13C515N2-labeled glutamine, we observed that 13C515N2-labeled glutamine produces a wide range of NAAG isotopologues and its precursors: NAA and glutamate. The NAAG production from glutamine is consistently more elevated in MYC-ON lymphoma and OVCAR4 compared to MYC-OFF

• Glutamate aspartate transporters or excitatory

  2021-12-16

  

  Glutamate-aspartate transporters or excitatory amino Fructose Colorimetric/Fluorometric Assay Kit transporters (EAATs) are essential for the maintenance of glutamate homeostasis. EAATs are widely distributed in central neurons and glial cells (Danbolt, 2001, Martinez-Lozada et al., 2011). They are d

• br Investigations br Genetics GLUT is a membrane

  2021-12-16

  

  Investigations Genetics GLUT1 is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that provides base-rate glucose transport across blood-tissue barriers. It is constituitively expressed in erythrocytes, Silvestrol sale microvessels and astroglia. The gene exclusively associated with GLUT1 is SLC2A1, located on

• br Methods br Results br

  2021-12-16

  

  Methods Results Discussion Among three main signaling pathways activated by bFGF, the MAPK pathway was found to be involved in the upregulation of GR levels. So far, there have been a few candidates that could connect activated ERK to the upregulation of GR. One likely candidate is the zinc

• Ghrelin receptors in non mammals are reportedly more

  2021-12-16

  

  Ghrelin receptors in non-mammals are reportedly more “complicated/complex and diverse” than in mammals, having additional paralogs and splice variants (Kaiya et al., 2014). Several teleost fish GHS-Rs have been identified; however, functional characterization has been conducted in only a few (see, K

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